Gnostic Church Calendar
2017
JANUARY 2017
January 1 Sunday
New Year's Day [pesher]
Intent: Renewal of Life
January 3 Tuesday
The Divine Name [pesher]
January 6 Friday
Epiphany [pesher]
January 8 Sunday
First Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: Divine Guidance
January 9 Monday
Feast of the Baptism of Christ [pesher]
January 11 Wednesday
Anniversary of the consecration (2003) of The Right Reverend +Danny L. Garvin (in ecclesia Tau Melchizedek), Bishop of Indiana, Church of the Gnosis Kardias
January 15 Sunday
Second Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: Desire for Liberation
January 18 Wednesday
Anniversary of the birth of Louis Claude de Saint-Martin (January 18, 1743)
January 22 Sunday
Third Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: Sincerity
January 29 Sunday
Fourth Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: The Overcoming of Sorrow
FEBRUARY 2017
February 2 Thursday
Feast of Candlemas [pesher]
Intent: Kindling of the Light in Darkness
February 5 Sunday
Sunday after Candlemas
February 12 Sunday
Third Sunday before Lent, Septuagesima [pesher] [pesher]
Intent: The Gift of Wisdom
February 14 Tuesday
Day of the Holy Valentinus [pesher]
February 18 Saturday
Death of Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (February 18, 1838)
February 19 Sunday
Second Sunday before Lent, Sexagesima [pesher]
Intent: The Holy Spirit as Sanctifier
February 24 Friday
Death of Jean Bricaud (1934)
February 26 Sunday
First Sunday Next before Lent, QuinQuagesima [pesher]
Intent: The Holy Spirit as the Fire of Love
MARCH 2017
March 1 Wednesday
Ash Wednesday, First Day of Lent
Intent: Purification
March 5 Sunday
First Sunday of Lent
Intent: Self-examination
March 12 Sunday
Second Sunday of Lent
Intent: Yearning for God
March 16 Thursday
Montségur Day [pesher]
Death of Jules Doinel (1903 March 16 or 17)
March 18 Saturday
Day of the Martyrdom of Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Poor Fellow Soldiers of the Temple of Solomon (1314) [pesher]
March 19 Sunday
Third Sunday of Lent
Intent: Understanding
March 20 Monday
Spring equinox
Day of the Holy Archangel Gabriel
Day honoring the birth of Martinez De Pasqually (date of birth unknown, 1727(?)-1774)
March 23 Thursday
Day of the Martyrdom of Tau Harmonius (Constant Chevillon), Bishop and Last Martyr of the Gnosis (1944)
March 25 Saturday
The Annunciation of Our Lady
March 26 Sunday
Fourth Sunday of Lent, Sunday next before Easter
Intent: Spiritual Refreshment
APRIL 2017
April 2 Sunday
Fifth Sunday of Lent
Intent: Mystery of the Cross
April 9 Sunday
Sunday Next before Easter (Palm Sunday)
Intent: The Temporary Triumph of the Light before its Obscuration
April 13 Thursday
Maundy Thursday
Intent: The Mystery of the Eucharist
April 14 Friday
Good Friday [pesher]
Day of the Holy Mani, Martyr and Prophet
April 15 Saturday
Holy Saturday [pesher]
April 16 Sunday
EASTER SUNDAY [pesher]
Intent: The Inner Resurrection
April 23 Sunday
Second Sunday of Easter [pesher]
Intent: The Wealth of Spirit
April 30 Sunday
Third Sunday of Easter
Intent: Divine Grace
MAY 2017
May 7 Sunday
Fourth Sunday of Easter
Intent: Divine Protection [pesher]
May 14 Sunday
Fifth Sunday of Easter
Intent: Divine Aid toward Liberation
May 21 Sunday
Sixth Sunday of Easter
Intent: Recognition of the Human Potential for Liberation [pesher]
May 25 Thursday
ASCENSION DAY [pesher]
Intent: Return to the Light
May 27 Saturday
Death of Robert Ambelain (1997)
May 28 Sunday
Sunday after the Ascension
May 29 Monday
Anniversary of the death of Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (May 29, 1824)
Anniversary of the birth of Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (May 29, 1773)
JUNE 2017
June 4 Sunday
PENTECOST SUNDAY
Intent: Coming of the Holy Spirit
June 11 Sunday
First Sunday after Pentecost
Trinity Sunday [pesher]
Intent: Devotion to the Triune Deity
June 15 Thursday
Corpus Christi
June 18 Sunday
First Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Transforming Power of the Holy Spirit
June 21 Wednesday
Summer solstice
Day of the Holy Archangel Uriel
Nativity of Saint John the Baptist [pesher]
June 25 Sunday
Second Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Light
JULY 2017
July 1 Saturday
Canada Day
July 2 Sunday
Third Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Ruler of Angels
July 4 Tuesday
USA: Independence Day
July 8 Saturday
Commemoration of the death of Monseigneur Joseph René Villatte.
July 9 Sunday
Fourth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Love
July 10 Monday
Anniversary of the birth of Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, (July 10, 1730)
July 16 Sunday
Fifth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Peace
July 22 Saturday
Feast of Holy Mary Magdalene [pesher]
July 23 Sunday
Sunday after the Feast of Saint Mary Magdalene
Sixth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Steadfast Dedication
July 30 Sunday
Seventh Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Purity as a Condition for Union with God
AUGUST 2017
August 2 Wednesday
Commemoration of the Holy Phillipe of Lyon
August 6 Sunday
Eigth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Wisdom
The Transfiguration
August 13 Sunday
Ninth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Confidence
August 14 Monday
Eve of the Assumption of the Holy Sophia
August 15 Tuesday
Assumption of the Holy Sophia [pesher]
August 16 Wednesday
Death of Bishop +Roger Saint Victor-Hérard (1989)
August 20 Sunday
Tenth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Devotion
August 27 Sunday
Eleventh Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Discernment
August 29 Tuesday
The Passion of Saint John the Baptist [pesher]
Anniversary of the birth (1953), ordination as priest (1993), and death (2010) of The Most Reverend +John Cole (in ecclesia Tau Iohannes Harmonius), Bishop of Indiana and auxiliary bishop of the midwest.
SEPTEMBER 2017
September 1 Friday
Death (1993) of Rene Chambellant (in ecclesia Tau Renatus), Patriarch.
Death (2016) of Robert Cokinis (in ecclesia Charles Harmonius II), Primate of North America.
September 3 Sunday
Twelfth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: The Mystery of Christ
September 7 Thursday
Anniversary of the consecration (1970) of +Roger Saint Victor-Hérard (in ecclesia Tau Charles), First Primate of North America.
September 8
Festival of the Descent of the Holy Sophia
September 10 Sunday
Thirteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Virtue
September 15 Friday
Anniversary of the consecration (1982) of The Most Rev. Archbishop +Roberto C. Toca, Archbishop of Florida & Exarch for Latin America, Catholic Church of The Antiochian Rite (Gnostic)
September 16 Saturday
Mexican Independence Day
September 17 Sunday
Fourteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Renewal of the Spirit
September 22 Friday
Fall equinox
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 1)
Day of the Holy Archangel Michael (Michaelmas)
Day honoring the death of Martinez De Pasqually (date of death unknown, 1774)
September 24 Sunday
Fifteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Brotherly Love
September 29 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 2)
OCTOBER 2017
October 1 Sunday
Sunday After Michaelmas
Sixteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Justice
October 2 Monday
Day of the Holy Guardian Angels
October 4 Wednesday
Feast of the Holy Francis of Assisi [pesher]
October 6 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 3)
October 8 Sunday
Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Spiritual progress
October 9 Monday
Canada: Thanksgiving [prayer]
October 10 Tuesday
Anniversary of the consecration (1998) of John Cole (Tau Iohannes Harmonius), Bishop of Indiana and auxiliary bishop of the Midwest.
October 13 Friday
Day of the Martyrdom of the Holy Templars [pesher] [pesher]
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 4)
October 14 Saturday
Anniversary of the death of Louis Claude de Saint-Martin (October 14, 1803)
October 15 Sunday
Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Commemoration of the Saints
October 20 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 5)
October 22 Sunday
Nineteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: The Universality of Revelation
October 25 Wednesday
Death of Gerard Encausse (Papus), 1916. [pesher]
October 27 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 6)
October 29 Sunday
Twentieth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Serenity
NOVEMBER 2017
November 1 Wednsday
All Saints' Day [pesher]
November 2 Thursday
The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls' Day)
November 3 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 7)
November 4 Saturday
Anniversary of the consecration as bishop (1984) of The Most Reverend +Robert M. Cokinis (in ecclesia Tau Charles Harmonius II), Bishop Primat of the EGA/EGCA.
November 5 Sunday
Twenty-First Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Perseverance
November 10 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 8)
Anniversary of the consecration as bishop (2013) of The Most Reverend +John Mongiovi (in ecclesia Tau Apollonius), Bishop Primat of the EGCA.
November 11 Saturday
Day of Saint Martin of Tours
November 12 Sunday
Twenty-Second Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: The Right Attitude Toward the World
November 17 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 9)
November 19 Sunday
Twenty-Third Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Peace
November 23 Thursday
Thanksgiving Day (United States) [prayer]
November 24 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 10)
November 26 Sunday
Twenty-Fourth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: The Truth that Makes Us Free
Sunday Next before Advent [pesher]
Intent: Adoration of God
November 30 Thursday
Anniversary of the death (2016) of The Most Reverend +Ronald V. Cappello, Archbishop Primat, Old Templar Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church
DECEMBER 2017
December 1 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 11)
December 3 Sunday
First Day of Advent, First Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: Seeking the Light
December 6 Wednesday
Day of the Holy Nicholas, Bishop [pesher]
December 7 Thursday
The Constitutions and the Accepted Bylaws adopted (1906)
December 8 Friday
Birth of Jules Doinel (1842)
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 12)
December 10 Sunday
Second Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: The God Within
December 13 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 13)
December 17 Sunday
Third Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: Recognition of the Messenger
December 21 Thursday
Winter solstice
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia: The Liberation of the Light
Day of the Holy Archangel Raphael [pesher]
Intent: The Healing of God
Feast of Saint John the Evangelist [pesher]
December 24 Sunday
Fourth Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: The Nature of the Redeemer
Christmas Eve
December 25 Monday
Christmas: The Nativity of the Divine Light [pesher]
Intent: Incarnation of the Redeemer
December 31 Sunday
First Sunday after Christmas
January 1 Sunday
New Year's Day [pesher]
Intent: Renewal of Life
January 3 Tuesday
The Divine Name [pesher]
January 6 Friday
Epiphany [pesher]
January 8 Sunday
First Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: Divine Guidance
January 9 Monday
Feast of the Baptism of Christ [pesher]
January 11 Wednesday
Anniversary of the consecration (2003) of The Right Reverend +Danny L. Garvin (in ecclesia Tau Melchizedek), Bishop of Indiana, Church of the Gnosis Kardias
January 15 Sunday
Second Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: Desire for Liberation
January 18 Wednesday
Anniversary of the birth of Louis Claude de Saint-Martin (January 18, 1743)
January 22 Sunday
Third Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: Sincerity
January 29 Sunday
Fourth Sunday after Epiphany [pesher]
Intent: The Overcoming of Sorrow
FEBRUARY 2017
February 2 Thursday
Feast of Candlemas [pesher]
Intent: Kindling of the Light in Darkness
February 5 Sunday
Sunday after Candlemas
February 12 Sunday
Third Sunday before Lent, Septuagesima [pesher] [pesher]
Intent: The Gift of Wisdom
February 14 Tuesday
Day of the Holy Valentinus [pesher]
February 18 Saturday
Death of Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (February 18, 1838)
February 19 Sunday
Second Sunday before Lent, Sexagesima [pesher]
Intent: The Holy Spirit as Sanctifier
February 24 Friday
Death of Jean Bricaud (1934)
February 26 Sunday
First Sunday Next before Lent, QuinQuagesima [pesher]
Intent: The Holy Spirit as the Fire of Love
MARCH 2017
March 1 Wednesday
Ash Wednesday, First Day of Lent
Intent: Purification
March 5 Sunday
First Sunday of Lent
Intent: Self-examination
March 12 Sunday
Second Sunday of Lent
Intent: Yearning for God
March 16 Thursday
Montségur Day [pesher]
Death of Jules Doinel (1903 March 16 or 17)
March 18 Saturday
Day of the Martyrdom of Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Poor Fellow Soldiers of the Temple of Solomon (1314) [pesher]
March 19 Sunday
Third Sunday of Lent
Intent: Understanding
March 20 Monday
Spring equinox
Day of the Holy Archangel Gabriel
Day honoring the birth of Martinez De Pasqually (date of birth unknown, 1727(?)-1774)
March 23 Thursday
Day of the Martyrdom of Tau Harmonius (Constant Chevillon), Bishop and Last Martyr of the Gnosis (1944)
March 25 Saturday
The Annunciation of Our Lady
March 26 Sunday
Fourth Sunday of Lent, Sunday next before Easter
Intent: Spiritual Refreshment
APRIL 2017
April 2 Sunday
Fifth Sunday of Lent
Intent: Mystery of the Cross
April 9 Sunday
Sunday Next before Easter (Palm Sunday)
Intent: The Temporary Triumph of the Light before its Obscuration
April 13 Thursday
Maundy Thursday
Intent: The Mystery of the Eucharist
April 14 Friday
Good Friday [pesher]
Day of the Holy Mani, Martyr and Prophet
April 15 Saturday
Holy Saturday [pesher]
April 16 Sunday
EASTER SUNDAY [pesher]
Intent: The Inner Resurrection
April 23 Sunday
Second Sunday of Easter [pesher]
Intent: The Wealth of Spirit
April 30 Sunday
Third Sunday of Easter
Intent: Divine Grace
MAY 2017
May 7 Sunday
Fourth Sunday of Easter
Intent: Divine Protection [pesher]
May 14 Sunday
Fifth Sunday of Easter
Intent: Divine Aid toward Liberation
May 21 Sunday
Sixth Sunday of Easter
Intent: Recognition of the Human Potential for Liberation [pesher]
May 25 Thursday
ASCENSION DAY [pesher]
Intent: Return to the Light
May 27 Saturday
Death of Robert Ambelain (1997)
May 28 Sunday
Sunday after the Ascension
May 29 Monday
Anniversary of the death of Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (May 29, 1824)
Anniversary of the birth of Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat (May 29, 1773)
JUNE 2017
June 4 Sunday
PENTECOST SUNDAY
Intent: Coming of the Holy Spirit
June 11 Sunday
First Sunday after Pentecost
Trinity Sunday [pesher]
Intent: Devotion to the Triune Deity
June 15 Thursday
Corpus Christi
June 18 Sunday
First Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Transforming Power of the Holy Spirit
June 21 Wednesday
Summer solstice
Day of the Holy Archangel Uriel
Nativity of Saint John the Baptist [pesher]
June 25 Sunday
Second Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Light
JULY 2017
July 1 Saturday
Canada Day
July 2 Sunday
Third Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Ruler of Angels
July 4 Tuesday
USA: Independence Day
July 8 Saturday
Commemoration of the death of Monseigneur Joseph René Villatte.
July 9 Sunday
Fourth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Love
July 10 Monday
Anniversary of the birth of Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, (July 10, 1730)
July 16 Sunday
Fifth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: God as Peace
July 22 Saturday
Feast of Holy Mary Magdalene [pesher]
July 23 Sunday
Sunday after the Feast of Saint Mary Magdalene
Sixth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Steadfast Dedication
July 30 Sunday
Seventh Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Purity as a Condition for Union with God
AUGUST 2017
August 2 Wednesday
Commemoration of the Holy Phillipe of Lyon
August 6 Sunday
Eigth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Wisdom
The Transfiguration
August 13 Sunday
Ninth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Confidence
August 14 Monday
Eve of the Assumption of the Holy Sophia
August 15 Tuesday
Assumption of the Holy Sophia [pesher]
August 16 Wednesday
Death of Bishop +Roger Saint Victor-Hérard (1989)
August 20 Sunday
Tenth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Devotion
August 27 Sunday
Eleventh Sunday after Trinity
Intent: Discernment
August 29 Tuesday
The Passion of Saint John the Baptist [pesher]
Anniversary of the birth (1953), ordination as priest (1993), and death (2010) of The Most Reverend +John Cole (in ecclesia Tau Iohannes Harmonius), Bishop of Indiana and auxiliary bishop of the midwest.
SEPTEMBER 2017
September 1 Friday
Death (1993) of Rene Chambellant (in ecclesia Tau Renatus), Patriarch.
Death (2016) of Robert Cokinis (in ecclesia Charles Harmonius II), Primate of North America.
September 3 Sunday
Twelfth Sunday after Trinity
Intent: The Mystery of Christ
September 7 Thursday
Anniversary of the consecration (1970) of +Roger Saint Victor-Hérard (in ecclesia Tau Charles), First Primate of North America.
September 8
Festival of the Descent of the Holy Sophia
September 10 Sunday
Thirteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Virtue
September 15 Friday
Anniversary of the consecration (1982) of The Most Rev. Archbishop +Roberto C. Toca, Archbishop of Florida & Exarch for Latin America, Catholic Church of The Antiochian Rite (Gnostic)
September 16 Saturday
Mexican Independence Day
September 17 Sunday
Fourteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Renewal of the Spirit
September 22 Friday
Fall equinox
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 1)
Day of the Holy Archangel Michael (Michaelmas)
Day honoring the death of Martinez De Pasqually (date of death unknown, 1774)
September 24 Sunday
Fifteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Brotherly Love
September 29 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 2)
OCTOBER 2017
October 1 Sunday
Sunday After Michaelmas
Sixteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Justice
October 2 Monday
Day of the Holy Guardian Angels
October 4 Wednesday
Feast of the Holy Francis of Assisi [pesher]
October 6 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 3)
October 8 Sunday
Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Spiritual progress
October 9 Monday
Canada: Thanksgiving [prayer]
October 10 Tuesday
Anniversary of the consecration (1998) of John Cole (Tau Iohannes Harmonius), Bishop of Indiana and auxiliary bishop of the Midwest.
October 13 Friday
Day of the Martyrdom of the Holy Templars [pesher] [pesher]
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 4)
October 14 Saturday
Anniversary of the death of Louis Claude de Saint-Martin (October 14, 1803)
October 15 Sunday
Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Commemoration of the Saints
October 20 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 5)
October 22 Sunday
Nineteenth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: The Universality of Revelation
October 25 Wednesday
Death of Gerard Encausse (Papus), 1916. [pesher]
October 27 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 6)
October 29 Sunday
Twentieth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Serenity
NOVEMBER 2017
November 1 Wednsday
All Saints' Day [pesher]
November 2 Thursday
The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls' Day)
November 3 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 7)
November 4 Saturday
Anniversary of the consecration as bishop (1984) of The Most Reverend +Robert M. Cokinis (in ecclesia Tau Charles Harmonius II), Bishop Primat of the EGA/EGCA.
November 5 Sunday
Twenty-First Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Perseverance
November 10 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 8)
Anniversary of the consecration as bishop (2013) of The Most Reverend +John Mongiovi (in ecclesia Tau Apollonius), Bishop Primat of the EGCA.
November 11 Saturday
Day of Saint Martin of Tours
November 12 Sunday
Twenty-Second Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: The Right Attitude Toward the World
November 17 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 9)
November 19 Sunday
Twenty-Third Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: Peace
November 23 Thursday
Thanksgiving Day (United States) [prayer]
November 24 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 10)
November 26 Sunday
Twenty-Fourth Sunday after Trinity [pesher]
Intent: The Truth that Makes Us Free
Sunday Next before Advent [pesher]
Intent: Adoration of God
November 30 Thursday
Anniversary of the death (2016) of The Most Reverend +Ronald V. Cappello, Archbishop Primat, Old Templar Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church
DECEMBER 2017
December 1 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 11)
December 3 Sunday
First Day of Advent, First Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: Seeking the Light
December 6 Wednesday
Day of the Holy Nicholas, Bishop [pesher]
December 7 Thursday
The Constitutions and the Accepted Bylaws adopted (1906)
December 8 Friday
Birth of Jules Doinel (1842)
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 12)
December 10 Sunday
Second Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: The God Within
December 13 Friday
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia (Week 13)
December 17 Sunday
Third Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: Recognition of the Messenger
December 21 Thursday
Winter solstice
Season of the Descent of the Holy Sophia: The Liberation of the Light
Day of the Holy Archangel Raphael [pesher]
Intent: The Healing of God
Feast of Saint John the Evangelist [pesher]
December 24 Sunday
Fourth Sunday of Advent [pesher]
Intent: The Nature of the Redeemer
Christmas Eve
December 25 Monday
Christmas: The Nativity of the Divine Light [pesher]
Intent: Incarnation of the Redeemer
December 31 Sunday
First Sunday after Christmas
